Hot work operations, such as welding, cutting, and grinding, pose significant fire and explosion risks due to sparks, heat, and molten metal. To ensure safety, implement a hot work permit system to authorize tasks only after assessing hazards, removing or shielding nearby flammable materials (e.g., liquids, dust, vapors), and confirming proper ventilation. Designate a fire watch equipped with a Class C (electrical) or ABC fire extinguisher to monitor the area during and 30–60 minutes post-work for smoldering fires. Use flame-resistant barriers, welding curtains, or blankets to protect adjacent surfaces and personnel. Ensure equipment is inspected for leaks, damaged cables, or faulty connections, and ground all tools to prevent electrical hazards. Workers must wear appropriate PPE, including flame-resistant clothing, welding helmets with shaded lenses, gloves, and closed-toe boots. Prohibit hot work in confined spaces without gas testing and forced-air ventilation to prevent toxic fume accumulation. Train employees on emergency shutdown procedures, spark containment, and first-aid for burns or electric shock. Adhere to standards like NFPA 51B (Fire Prevention During Welding) and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.252, and enforce strict no-hot-work zones near fuel sources. Regularly audit practices, maintain clear escape routes, and ensure post-operation inspections to mitigate residual risks.
